So how does it work? Well, imagine you’re having a conversation with someone and they ask you a question. You respond with an answer, but then they follow up with another question based on your response. FlaxOPTForCausalLM helps us train our language models to understand the context of that second question and provide a more accurate response.
Here’s how it works in code: first we load our pre-trained language model (in this case, GPT2) using Hugging Face Transformers library. Then we create an instance of FlaxOPTForCausalLM and pass in the input text and target output text as arguments. The tool then calculates a loss function based on how closely the predicted output matches the actual output.
Here’s some example code:
# Import necessary libraries
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFBertModel
import tensorflow_probability as tfp
import optax
from flax.training import train_state
from opt_einsum import jit
from typing import Callable, List, Optional
# Load pre-trained GPT2 model using Hugging Face Transformers library
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2')
model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained('gpt2', checkpoint='last')
# Define function to calculate loss and optimize parameters for FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool
def train(params, inputs):
# Convert input text into tokenized list using Hugging Face Transformers library's tokenizer
tokens = tokenizer.batch_encode_plus(inputs['input'], padding=True, truncation=True)
# Calculate loss function based on how closely predicted output matches actual output
with tfp.autoregressive:
logits = model(tokens['input_ids'])[0]
target_logits = tokens['labels'][:, 1:] - tokens['labels'][:, :-1] # Calculate difference between target and predicted outputs for each token
loss = tfp.math.softmax_cross_entropy(logits, target_logits)
return jit(loss)(params)
# Define function to update parameters using FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool
def optimize(state, inputs):
# Calculate loss and gradients for current input text
loss = train(state.params, inputs)
grads = tfp.math.gradient(loss, state.params)
# Update parameters using FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool's optimizer function
return optax.adam().update(state, grads)
# Load training data and split into batches for optimization
train_data = [('Input text 1', 'Output text 1'), ('Input text 2', 'Output text 2')]
batches = list(zip(*[iter(train_data)]*2)) # Split input and output texts into separate lists for easier processing
batch_size = 32
num_epochs = 50
learning_rate = 1e-4
optimizer = optax.adam()
state = train_state.TrainState.create(apply_fn=optimize, params=model.trainable_params) # Create initial training state with FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool's optimizer function and pre-trained GPT2 model's parameters
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for batch in batches:
input_text, output_text = zip(*batch)[0] # Extract input text from current training batch
target_output_text = list(zip(*[iter(train_data)]*2))[1][input_text.index(input_text):input_text.index(input_text)+len(output_text)].tolist()[0] # Extract corresponding output text from training data based on input text's index
inputs = {'input': tokenizer.batch_encode_plus([input_text], padding=True, truncation=True)} # Convert input text into tokenized list using Hugging Face Transformers library's tokenizer and add padding/truncation as needed
state = optimize(state, inputs) # Update parameters using FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool's optimizer function for current training batch
print('Epoch {} complete'.format(epoch+1)) # Print progress message after each epoch of optimization
# Explanation:
# - The script starts by importing necessary libraries, including the Hugging Face Transformers library, TensorFlow Probability, Optax, and Flax.
# - The pre-trained GPT2 model is loaded using the AutoTokenizer and TFBertModel classes from the Transformers library.
# - The train function is defined to calculate the loss and optimize parameters for the FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool. The input text is tokenized using the tokenizer from the Transformers library, and the loss is calculated based on the difference between the predicted and target outputs.
# - The optimize function is defined to update the parameters using the FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool's optimizer function. The loss and gradients are calculated using the train function, and the parameters are updated using the Optax library.
# - The training data is loaded and split into batches for optimization.
# - The state is initialized with the FlaxOPTForCausalLM tool's optimizer function and the pre-trained GPT2 model's parameters.
# - The training loop runs for the specified number of epochs, and for each epoch, the batches are iterated through. The input and output texts are extracted from the current batch, and the corresponding target output text is retrieved from the training data. The input text is tokenized and passed into the optimize function to update the parameters.
# - After each epoch, a progress message is printed.
With FlaxOPTForCausalLM, we can train our language models to better understand the context and nuances of human conversation. And who knows? Maybe one day they’ll be able to hold their own in a real-life chatbot scenario.