Are you feeling left behind by the latest version of our beloved language? Fear not, for I have come bearing gifts: a tutorial on how to translate your trusty old Python 2 code into shiny new Python 3 using the magical tool known as 2to3.
But first, why you should care. Aside from the fact that Python 3 is faster and more efficient than its predecessor (Python 2), it also has some major improvements in terms of syntax and functionality. For example, Python 3 finally got rid of those ***** `xrange` objects and replaced them with a much simpler `range`. It’s like saying goodbye to your old friend who always made you feel awkward at parties but was secretly jealous of all the cool kids hanging out with you.
Now that we’ve established why Python 3 is better, how to convert our code using 2to3. First: download and install it if you haven’t already done so (you can find instructions on their website). Once you have it installed, open up your terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory where your Python 2 code is located.
Next, run this command: `python -m 2to3 example.py`. This will convert the file “example.py” into a new version that’s compatible with Python 3. If you want to see what changes were made without actually modifying anything, use the `-n` flag instead (i.e., `python -m 2to3 -n example.py`).
But wait! What if you have an entire directory full of files that need converting? No problem, my friend. Just run this command: `python -m 2to3 –output-dir=new_folder old_folder`. This will create a new folder called “new_folder” and convert all the Python 2 code in “old_folder” to Python 3.
Now some of the cool features that 2to3 offers. For example, you can specify which fixers (i.e., changes) you want applied using the `-f` flag followed by a list of fixer names separated by commas. Here’s an example: `python -m 2to3 -f imports,has_key example.py`. This will only apply the “imports” and “has_key” fixers to your code.
On the other hand, if you want to disable a specific fixer (because it might break something in your code), use the `-x` flag followed by the name of the fixer you want to exclude. For example: `python -m 2to3 -f imports -x set_literal`.
And that’s pretty much all there is to know about using 2to3! It’s a powerful tool that can save you hours (or even days) of manual labor when converting your code from Python 2 to Python 3. So give it a try who knows, maybe you’ll fall in love with Python 3 just like I did.
Later!