Python Fundamentals

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Are you tired of feeling like you’re drowning in a sea of syntax and semantics? It’s a programming language that was created in the late ’90s by Guido van Rossum (who goes by “Guido” for short). It’s known for being easy to learn, versatile, and widely used across various industries. But enough about its history Let’s kick this off with some of the basics!

1. Variables:In Python, variables are like little boxes that you can put stuff in (or take stuff out of). You create a variable by assigning it a value using an equals sign (=) followed by whatever you want to store there. For example: 

# This script demonstrates the use of variables in Python

# First, we create a variable called "my_name" and assign it the value "John Doe"
my_name = "John Doe"

# Next, we use the "print" function to output the value of the variable "my_name"
print(my_name) # Outputs: John Doe

# The "print" function takes in a value or variable and displays it on the screen
# In this case, it displays the value of the variable "my_name" which is "John Doe"

2. Data Types: Python has several built-in data types, including integers (whole numbers), floats (decimal numbers), strings (text), and lists (collections of items). Here’s an example using all four: 

# Defining variables for age, salary, name, and hobbies
my_age = 30 # integer
my_salary = 50000.25 # float
my_name = "John Doe" # string
my_hobbies = ["reading", "playing guitar"] # list

# Printing the data type of the variable my_age
print(type(my_age)) # Outputs: <class 'int'>

3. Operators: Python has a variety of operators that allow you to perform basic math, comparison, and logical operations. Here are some examples:

– Arithmetic: + (addition), (subtraction), *, / (division)
– Comparison: == (equal to),= (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to) - Logical: and, or, not 4. Control Flow Statements: These allow you to control the flow of your program based on certain conditions. Here are some examples: - if statement: This allows you to execute a block of code only when a condition is true. For example: 

# This script checks if the user's age is greater than 18 and prints a corresponding message.

# Declaring a variable "my_age" and assigning it a value of 20
my_age = 20

# Using an if statement to check if my_age is greater than 18
if my_age > 18:
    # If the condition is true, the following code block will be executed
    print("You're an adult!")
else:
    # If the condition is false, the following code block will be executed
    print("Sorry, but you're still a kid.")

– for loop: This allows you to iterate over a list or other collection of items. For example: 

# Define a list of numbers
my_numbers = [1, 2, 3]

# Iterate over the list using a for loop
for num in my_numbers:
    # Print each number in the list
    print(num) # Outputs: 1, then 2, then 3

5. Functions: These allow you to group together a set of instructions and execute them whenever needed. For example: 

# This function is used to calculate the sum of two numbers
def calculate_sum(x, y):
    return x + y

# This line calls the calculate_sum function with the arguments 10 and 20, and prints the result
print(calculate_sum(10, 20)) # Outputs: 30

And there you have it the basics of Python! Of course, this is just scratching the surface. There’s so much more to learn and explore in this wonderful language. But for now, I hope this tutorial has helped demystify some of the fundamentals and given you a better understanding of what makes Python such an awesome choice for programming.

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