Python’s Requests Module for HTTP and FTP

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These headers provide information about the client’s preferences or capabilities to the server. For example:

# Import the requests library
import requests

# Create a dictionary of headers to be sent with the request
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4382.90 Safari/537.36', # Specifies the user agent, which is the software used to access the website
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhl+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8' # Specifies the types of content that the client is willing to accept
}

# Send a GET request to the specified URL with the given headers
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', headers=headers)

In this example, we set the `User-Agent` header to a specific value and the `Accept` header to indicate that we prefer HTML content over other formats.

Requests also handles HTTP status codes by returning an object with information about the response. The most common status code is 200 (OK), which indicates that the request was successful:

# Import the requests library
import requests

# Make a GET request to the specified URL and store the response in a variable
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')

# Check if the response status code is equal to 200 (OK)
if response.status_code == 200:
    # If the response is successful, print the content of the response
    print(response.content)
else:
    # If the response is not successful, print an error message with the status code and reason
    print("Error:", response.status_code, response.reason)

# The requests library allows us to make HTTP requests and handle responses
# The get() method makes a GET request to the specified URL and returns a response object
# The response object contains information about the response, such as the status code and content
# The status code indicates the success or failure of the request, with 200 being the most common code for a successful request
# The content attribute of the response object contains the HTML content of the webpage we requested
# The if statement checks if the response status code is equal to 200, indicating a successful request
# If the request is successful, we print the content of the response
# If the request is not successful, we print an error message with the status code and reason for the failure

In this example, we check the status code of the response and handle any errors that may occur. If the status code is not 200 (OK), we print an error message with the status code and reason.

Overall, Requests simplifies HTTP requests in Python by handling headers and status codes for you. This allows you to focus on writing your application logic instead of worrying about low-level details like sockets or HTTP protocols.

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