Welcome to the Linux Commands for Beginners tutorial!” echo “In this article, we’ll cover some of the most basic and useful commands in Linux.” # This command lists all files and directories (folders) in a given location. To see what’s inside your current directory, just type “ls” followed by Enter. If you want to view hidden files as well, add the “-a” option: # ls -a
# Next up: let’s learn how to create and delete directories using mkdir and rmdir respectively. To make a new folder called “my_folder”, type this command: # mkdir my_folder
# If you want to remove that same directory, use the following command instead: # rmdir my_folder
# But what if we accidentally deleted something important? Don’t worry! You can always undo your last action using Ctrl+Z (or “^Z” on some systems). This will pause whatever process you were running and let you go back to the previous command. To finish executing that paused command, type “fg” followed by Enter: # fg
# If you want to see a list of all currently running processes, use this command instead: # ps aux
# Now files! In Linux, every file has a unique ID number called an inode. To view the inodes for all files and directories inside your current directory, type “ls -i” followed by Enter: # ls -i
# If you want to see more detailed information about a specific file or folder (including its size, creation date, etc.), use this command instead: # ls -lh my_file.txt
# To copy files between directories using cp, type “cp” followed by the source and destination locations separated by a space: # cp /path/to/source /destination/location
# If you want to move files instead of copying them (i.e., delete the original file), use this command instead: # mv /path/to/source /destination/location
# To rename files using mv, type “mv” followed by the old and new names separated by a space: # mv my_file.txt new_filename.txt
# If you want to delete files using rm (short for “remove”), use this command instead: # rm /path/to/file
# But be careful! Once you’ve deleted something, there’s no going back unless you have a backup or undo feature enabled on your system. To view the contents of a file without opening it in an editor (which can be useful for large files), use this command instead: # cat /path/to/file
# If you want to search for specific text inside a file, use grep followed by the pattern you’re looking for: # grep “pattern” /path/to/file
# To view all running processes on your system (including their ID numbers and resource usage), type this command instead: # ps aux
# If you want to kill a specific process using its ID number, use this command followed by the PID: # kill [PID]
# And that’s it! These are just some of the most basic Linux commands for beginners. As you become more comfortable with your system, feel free to explore other options and customize them to suit your needs. Remember: practice makes perfect!